Risk factors for depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk factors for depression - Research Paper Example The best treatment options are said to be the combination of both medications and psychotherapy, but electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is also an option when others do not work. Depression: Evidences of Risk Factors, Signs and Symptoms, and Treatment Methods Introduction The human experience of sadness and gloom is normal among individuals, but it may be different once it becomes chronic and interferes with activities of daily living. Depression is one of the common causes in seeking professional psychologic help, and timely interventions could greatly help the depressed individual. Although depression may appear to be merely preoccupations of negative emotions, it can lead to dreadful effects, including suicide, once neglected. The diagnosis of depression may also be co-existing with other illnesses as well. It comes in different types with several signs and symptoms, and may be caused by a variety of elements, of which the present text will explore the risk factors associated with th e condition using recent studies as evidences. Risk factors Numerous researches have been published to study risk factors of depression. In a 7-year longitudinal population study, Lorant et al. (2007) determined if longitudinal change in socio-economic factors affect change of depression level. Low socio-economic status, especially in the context of material standards of living, has constantly been associated with increased incidence of depression. Results gathered show that a decline in socio-economic status is consequent to increased risks of depression, looking also into ceasing cohabitation with a partner and unemployment. Ceasing cohabitation with a partner increased risk levels of depression particularly among women; and unemployment did not influence the level or risk of depression, in contrast to other cited studies, but with considerations of the research design and methods (p. 296). It is also seen that generally, the negative effects of worsening socio-economic conditions were greater than the positive effects when these conditions improved (p. 296). This study presents that socio-economic factors, including income, poverty, unemployment, education, and social relationships, are linked to prevalence of depression, where both have an inversely proportional relationship. Netterstrom et al. (2008) focus on work-related psychosocial stressors in relation to the development of depression. Using several models, the authors review previous researches to assess such relationship, basing on either psychiatric scales, scales with with diagnostic classifications, or antidepressant prescription, or depression measured with a questionnaire (p. 121). According to the review, occupational psychosocial factors were associated with the development of depression, especially in instances where there are high psychological demands and low degree of social support (p. 126). Demands would, however, vary according to the job and the work setting. This review, in accordanc e to the studies looked into, implies that an individual’s work, especially job satisfaction and social support in such occupation, is linked to depression. When an individual feels satisfied and fulfilled with his or her job and receives positive reinforcement, there are lesser chances for depression, and vice versa.

Characteristics of Gothic Literature Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Gothic Literature Essay The Gothic In 1798 an anonymous author published a commentary that revealed exactly how some writers received the Gothic during this time: â€Å" Take—An old castle, half of it ruinous A long gallery, with a great many doors, some secret ones. Three murdered bodies, quite fresh. As many skeletons, in chests and presses. An old woman hanging by the neck; with her throat cut. Assassins and desperadoes, quant. suff. Noises, whispers, and groans, threescore at least. † (1-7) After reading many of the selections in the anthology, I found this poem on a Gothic’s â€Å"recipe† to be quite true (602). However, in the case of this anonymous writer, he considers all of these characteristics to be negative. I, on the other hand, find it very intriguing that this type of novel developed in a time ruled by writers whose main focus was politics and poetry. Many influential writers including Coleridge and Wordsworth criticized the characteristics, morality, purpose, and significance of these novels; however, I believe many of the features they disliked actually broadened the scope of literature. The Gothic novel was often attacked for being too formulaic. Although the specifics of the plot changed from novel to novel, the characteristics were often similar, which is something that is pointed out repeatedly by the Gothic’s critics. The similarities encountered in the characteristics of these novels include the setting, mystery, and characters to name a few. The setting of this type of novel is usually in a castle of sorts, or in some other mysterious place that produces suspense and terror within the reader. Although these settings were often alike, they â€Å"exist to convey the atmosphere† and are used â€Å"for ends that are fundamentally psychological† (Hume 286). This characteristic is one that set up the entire feeling of the novel, one of suspense, horror, and mystery. The setting of various novels was not uniform because it was the easy or obvious choice like many critics believed, but because it created a certain atmosphere that was needed for the plot. If the story had been set on a sunny beach, the atmosphere would have been much different and the reader would not get the same affect. Like the settings, the mysteries that develop within Gothic novels are usually somewhat similar. From what I have come across, many include a murder or deep, dark secret that is unraveled by an ordinary person. While this may support Wordsworth’s claim that these novels are â€Å"sickly and stupid German tragedies† because of their straightforward plot, I find them to be quite interesting (266). These mysteries create suspense, and were the first â€Å"page-turners† that were ever written. Readers no longer had to decipher long and complicated meanings from pieces such as the â€Å"Lucy Gray† poems; instead, they could sit back, relax, and enjoy these novels that created an escape into a mysterious world. Another piece of the â€Å"formula† that was important to the genre were the characters that were used throughout the novels. The characters were often simple people who were thrown into a situation that required extraordinary actions. While the simplicity of the characters was often criticized by writers who considered themselves to be â€Å"high culture,† these characters had the ability to â€Å"involve the reader in special circumstances† (Hume 286). Unlike the pieces that came before them, the Gothic novel had the capacity to draw the reader in, and put them in the shoes of the main character. For me, it was very hard to feel for the personas in earlier poems that we came across. I think the main reason for this is that the characters tended to be somewhat generic, but interesting. They allowed for anyone to understand the character and immerse themselves within the character’s thoughts. They also allowed for people to sink in to a particular character and feel the terror that they were feeling. Another aspect of the Gothic that was often called into question was the morality of the characters and authors. There are many instances in which these novels incorporated grotesque scenes that included rape and murder among many other things. In The Monk by Matthew Lewis the main character, Ambrosia, is a virtuous and ethical man who seduced by the demon Matilda. In one scene â€Å"his desires were raised to that frantic height by which brutes are agitated†¦ and [he] hastily proceeded to tear off those garments which impeded the gratification of his lust† (598). Ambrosia is obviously an immoral character, and he is criticized for not being so. To me, it seems like critics were getting to the point where they were trying to find anything and everything to criticize about the Gothic novel. While this genre may involve some unseemly characters, they are needed in order to create an interesting plot. Having some sort of villain is necessary in any type of writing that has a mystery or murder involved. Without villains, we cannot have heroes, and both are very important aspects of literature. Coleridge, for example, not only attacked The Monk as a novel but also attacked Lewis as a person for having the ability to create such an immoral character. He believed that â€Å"the merit of a novelist is in proportion†¦ to the pleasurable effect which he produces (604). I highly disagree with this statement because I believe controversy affects change, and change is needed in order to forward society. Novelists and poets were no longer writing poems that had the sole purpose of making a person feel good or empowered; instead, they were writing for entertainment. Also, many of the writers before The Monk addressed political issues that were not considered pleasurable, but controversial and hard to confront. Coleridge’s statement seems to contradict everything that literature stands for. Authors and the literature they create are unpleasant at times, and that is not wrong—it is merely a necessity for the forward movement of society and evolution of literature. Another important issue to address when it comes to these novels is their specific purpose. It seems that every literary movement in history had some sort of motive or driving force behind them. For the Gothic, this driving force or purpose seems to be to induce terror while entertaining. Before this movement, we never really encountered works of literature that were straightforward, suspenseful, and enjoyable all at the same time. In an essay by Aikin and Aikin, they claimed that people would â€Å"rather chuse to suffer the smart pang of a violent emotion than the uneasy craving of an unsatisfied desire† (584). By this, they mean that terror is pleasurable, and that is exactly what these novels delivered to their readers. It was not an emotion that was regularly produced when readers came into contact with the typical works of this time. For a piece of literature to induce such error was something novel and interesting that affected many of their readers. Because terror is an emotion that is hard to come by, these novels were, like I said, an escape for readers. Terror is not something that a person wants to encounter in their real life, but is something they can enjoy and acquire through reading these novels. Their purpose was not to confuse the reader with complicated meanings full of allusions. Instead, these terrifying novels have the ability to â€Å"render the poorest and most insipid narrative interesting when once we get fairly into it† (584). Although many of the authors of Gothic novels may not have been the best composers compared to standards during this time, they were still able to draw in a huge audience because they gave the people what they wanted. I would not consider the narratives â€Å"insipid,† but compared to the works that came before them, they were much simpler and used language that was not considered to be as articulate. This simplicity that is encountered when reading a piece of Gothic work, though criticized, says much about how society was changing during this time. These novels significantly altered the way in which literature was composed and whom it was available to. Instead of being read by the elite few, it was accessible to pretty much anyone who could read. During this time, the percent of literate people was rising rapidly, especially in the middle class. These books appealed to these people, and sold millions upon millions of copies because of this. I think that much of the distaste that so-called â€Å"high culture† writers had for these novels is because of their success. They were extremely popular, more so than the most popular of the poets during this time. For example, Wordsworth was said to be a commercialized version of â€Å"real† poetry because it was easier to understand than many other pieces out during this time. However, he never even came close to selling as many copies of Lyrical Ballads as the Gothic writers did with their own works. For Wordsworth to criticize a genre that feeds off of the readers’ ability to comprehend seems to be extremely hypocritical of him. Also, I think that when something appeals to the masses, it is a good thing. Change cannot occur unless everyone is on the same page, and that is what the Gothic provided to the people. Finally, I would like to confront just how significant this movement is to the literature we have today. This was the first time we encounter a genre that is similar to the types of genres we see today. The Gothic genre was criticized because the novels were too alike—but that is exactly what a genre is, according to today’s standards. One could argue that the novels that are published today are not of the same caliber as novels published 50, 100, or 200 years ago. And maybe that is true, but is it necessarily bad? In my opinion, having novels that are more accessible to more people makes for a better, more unified society. Having works of literature that are too complicated, wordy, or abstract leads to more ambiguity, and eventually creates a divide among social classes. I am not saying that all written works should be easy to understand, but I do think that the Gothic novel was the first in a wave of works of literature that helped society grow more literate. Finally, scholars and everyday people were able to read and talk about the same kinds of things. Although scholars who thought they were better writers were constantly criticizing it, they could not appeal to the masses. Gothic literature had the ability to do this, and you can still see its influence in novels on shelves today. It has a definite place in literary history, and should not be overlooked. It may not have had the deepest plots or the most complicated characters, but the genre had an impact during the 18th century, and continues to have an impact today.

Introduction Of Literature Review Nursing Essay

Introduction Of Literature Review Nursing Essay Literature review is a body of text that determines the aim to review the critical point of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contribution to a particular topic (Wikipedia). Another definition of literature review is a literature reviews is a critical search for an analytical framework, or framework which you can put to work to test the hypothesis or to systematically investigate a set of issue (Jancovicz 2000, page 178). Literature review is a secondary source that combined with number of articles which have similar objective to form up a literature review. The numbers of articles were multitudinous cross-cultural journals, books, conferences and electronic sources of information. Therefore, literature review do not report any new experimental work, it is the review of an abstract accomplishment. Literature review able to help readers to understand the historical findings from other authors, its objective, it gives readers a draft to understand what was going on from the historical to now as well as telling the reader regarding the strengths and weaknesses of studies within the body. The following are the reasons to write a literature review: Distinguishing what has been done from what needs to be done Discovering important variables relevant to the topic Synthesizing and gaining a new perspective Identifying relationships between ideas and practice Establishing the context of the topic and problem Rationalize the significance problem Enhancing and acquiring the subject vocabulary Understanding the structure of the subject Relating ideas and theory to applications Identifying of the main methodologies and research techniques that have been used Placing the research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art development Michael J Baker Writing literature review is important because it can avoid making same mistakes as other people did. As when reading the articles, sometimes may find out the errors or the some outdated information, thus, writer able to filter the information gained and amend it in his or her own articles. Furthermore, writing literature review can help to increase your breadth of knowledge in your subject area. When being allocated to do a research, writer has to understand the objective of the research first before start any findings or surveys. Writer need to read numbers of articles to comprehend the subject area in order to figure out what has been done by prior authors and what have to jot down in current research. After read the multi cross-cultural journals or books, writer has gained the knowledge in the particular area. From reading articles written by other authors, reader can improve his or her skills in linking his or her own ideas to the theories to applications and identify what resea rch methodology to be used in the current research either questionnaire, interviews, case studies, observational trial, experiment and so on. In doing a researchs literature review, writer has to going outside to contact experts in the particular field to gain other knowledge, information, ideas before he or she start to write anything. The Importance of Literature Review There are few types of literature review which are narrative, systematic and meta-analytic reviews. Narrative literature review in overall is the standard review of the literature, critically appraise and summarize the literature relevant to an identified topic (Hemingway Brereton 2009). This type of literature review is integral the points from the number of articles and presented as background reading immediately. This kind of literature review tend to begin its selected topic with explanation of the rationale and by providing some theoretical or historical framework for the research paper and the reasons to examining studies relevant to the topic (Baun McMurray-Schwarz 2007). Another type of literature review is systematic literature review sometimes referred as best-evidence synthesis or practice based research synthesis (Dunst 2009). This type of literature review is a thorough, comprehensive, transparent and unbiased review of the literature undertaken according to a clearly defined and systematic approach (Aveyard 2010; Neely et al., 2010). Systematic literature reviews are lengthy processes that involve a focused cross-disciplinary search strategy with clearly stated criteria for inclusion and exclusion of the literature (Berkeljon Baldwin, 2009). Moreover, there is one more type of literature review which is meta-analytic review. Meta-analytic review sometimes known as quantitative systematic review, provide a statistical review approach to measure the effect size and the aggregate studies relevant to the research question (Sun, Pang Wang 2010; Vetter, 2003). According to Humphrey (2011) stated that meta analysis should also provide readers with perspective so that findings are interpreted in a meaningful ways. Other than that, Neely et al (2010) said that Every meta-analysis is based on underlying systematic review, but not every systematic review lead to meta-analysis. A research project is the make for informing or telling people with new knowledge or discovery. Literature review is important because it is a part of paper where researcher will be given an opportunity to strengthen the research paper by putting citation what other reliable authors had said about your topic. To putting citation in the research paper is for the purpose of to proving that writer is not just writing about any random subject but that many others have also poured their thoughts on the topic (Admin 2009). If without literature review which is no other reliable authors talking about the topic, it is only containing writers opinions about the fact that writer has discovered through his or her research. If the research project is just only contain with writers opinion, then how to further convince the readers? In this case, who will scrutinize writers research paper as he or she does not put any reliable evidence from previous authors who doing the same research in the parti cular field? Therefore, this is the need that is answered only by the literature review (Admin 2009). Simply by the fact that writer is using referencing by citing what more credible people had say about the topic will build a stronger foundation for your paper (Admin 2009). According to the University of Western Sydney (2010), states that literature review is important to build knowledge and to identify the methodology of research and seminal that work in the particular field that writer involve to. Moreover, literature review help writer to focus and refine the research question by convey the knowledge gap (University of Western Sydney, 2010). Literature review is to discover the problem of study however the problem of study can be solved by collection of data. It is important to know that what the researcher doing and how he or she worked from reading their research papers and the current researcher should not to duplicate the works done by previous researcher. Furthermore, by writing literature review, it able to help researchers to improve their research design and instrumentation, which not successful at last time (Cottrell McKenzie 2011). According to Leary (2004), states that a well created literature review establishes creditability of the researcher of the study, so he can get the entire benefit of his work. Literature review is important because it is to judge the research question and to deliver latest research material for readers. Procedures of Writing a Literature Review The procedures of writing a literature review include: Define the topic or research question Identify the relevant information: Inclusion or exclusion criteria and keywords Conduct the literature research Screen all and exclude the irrelevant studies Scrutinize the relevant studies Extract data and develop graphic organizers Synthesize the findings Develop conclusion and recommendations Rhoades Define the Topic or Research Question This is the initial step of start writing a literature review. During this step, it involves defining the specific topic and clear statement or review objectives or research question (Neely et al., 2010). The topic should be the researcher know enough about to determine whether it is viable researchable topic (University of South Australia). Successful applications usually outline a well-defined research problem or area of focus linked to a body of literature that discusses some of the issues relevant to the proposed topic (University of South Australia). According to Aveyard (2010), stated that a good research question acts as a guide, clearly providing focus structure for the literature review process. Identify the Relevant Information: Inclusion or Exclusion Criteria and Keywords After determine which topic to be organized, the next procedure is to identify the relevant information. By identifying the relevant information, researcher has to discuss a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria because the criteria have to fit with their review question and or the brief given by whoever is funding the project (Information and Computer Sciences). During doing the research and collecting the relevant information, researcher has to be cautious of any bias, be subjective, because researcher might introduce his or her bias into the review by adding certain inclusion or exclusion criteria. For example limiting to studies in English may miss important studies published in other languages (Information and Computer Sciences). Other than that, all decisions taken to include or exclude certain studies or groups of studies should be documented in the methods this way it can be seen that a systematic process has been followed(Information and Computer Sciences). If the researcher is doing dissertation research, the researcher has to show that the reason why chosen the particular topic to focus, and why the researcher has to excluded others. During this stage, the decisions from researcher are normally made by using the titles and abstract of the articles. Those that clearly irrelevant information is filter or exclude in this stage and those criteria which met are included in the review. Conduct the literature research The next step is to conduct the literature search by the identified keywords. Lucas Cutspec (2005) said that the search process involve a combination of many search tactics that include hand searching key journals and books, accessing the many electronic literature databases, investigating reference lists, and scanning the internet via multiple search engines, the latter likely to also include grey literature. Usually during searching process, there are included cross-disciplinary in that studies from various field of specialization. For example, there are numbers of journals within the broad disciplines, such as education, health, medicine as well as family-based and children- based psychology that may relevant to some topic that involving with children hearing loss (Rhoades, 2005). Literature search need to be careful as use of many search engines, electronic database and websites that are necessity for. Screen all and exclude the irrelevant studies When all the journals, articles and papers are accumulated and abstracts are read, then need to classify the potential information that relevant to the research question (Hemingway Brereton 2009). After that screened all the irrelevant studies and exclude it, then screen again the relevant information to ensure the consistent relevant to the research question and all identified variables (Rhoades, 2005). Scrutinize the relevant studies During this step, researcher has to scrutinize the relevant study. Another two independent reviewers have to be ensure that the consistency of the inclusion with the research question and protocol. Extract data and develop graphic organizers Findings from the studies of particular field are extracted from data extraction form which is tabulated data. Visual clarifiers can be acquired and formed from the tabulated data to facilitate knowledge of the similarities and differences between the relevant studies (Rhoades, 2005). There are number of variables extracted from the studies and the graphic organizer has to summarize the importance of the variables and the relationship of the variables with the studies. Rhoades (2005) stated that when data extracted for analysis and synthesis, the different studies may vary considerably. This is about when at this point, the determination is to make as to see the meta-analysis is appropriate or not. During this step, if the reviewers feel that the studies do not provide sufficient evidence, then, it is important to present the findings because lack of evidence to prove that their findings are reliable and it lead difficulty in publishing (Alderson Roberts, 2000). Synthesize the Findings With two independent reviewers, finding from each study are aggregated to produce bottom line on the clinical effectiveness, feasibility, appropriateness, and meaningfulness, of the intervention (Hemingway Brereton, 2009). Thus, the pool of findings is name as evidence synthesis (Rhoades, 2005). If the studies involve quantitative data or include not much of quantitative, meta-synthesis is provided in literature review (Rhoades, 2005). Conversely, if the studies involve sufficient evidence and quantitative data, the meta-analysis is conducted (Hemingway Brereton, 2009). Develop Conclusions and Recommendations This is the last step of the procedures in writing a literature review. During this stage, researcher has to include some introduction regarding the studies, roughly review the overall structure of and the contents from the studies and then drawn conclusion from the findings of both secondary and primary research. The conclusion should state the crucial annotation and cover the strengths and weaknesses of the studies in the particular research. After drawn conclusion, provide some potential impact of the research conducted such as its contribution of knowledge or understanding, its contribution to theory development, its contribution to practice and applicant, and its implication for future research (Baker Foy). Thereafter, indicate some potential recommendation arise from the previous sections in term of the implication of findings (Baker Foy). Other than that, due to all studies have its own strong point and its shortcomings, thus, researcher can state some of the problematic iss ues arise when conducting the findings and what improvement should be done. Therefore, it is significant that researcher develop awareness of the problematic issues noted in the review (Rhoades, 2005). Summary Literature review is a must to put in a research paper when researcher wish to write a research articles because it is essential to know what has been done by previous researchers in that particular studies and figure out what should be do in the current study to correct the mistake and error done by previous researchers. Thus, it is significant to read number of articles, journals, books from many elsewhere to gain knowledge from the particular studies in order to have a draft in mind what should be do. Furthermore, there are number of procedures to follow in order to write a good literature review because it may be read by others people to judge when the paper being published. Therefore, it is crucial to write a precise literature review to avoid mistakes or errors and get teasing by others.

A Review Of Valentino Marketing Essay

A Review Of Valentino Marketing Essay In a time when enterprises are fighting to survive and the market is uncertainty and instability for any company, we see the exponential interest towards luxury products and services, but this interest is not only about profitability and brand awareness; it is about structuring â€Å"Valentino† products and services offered within the spectrum of luxury. Today companies rely on traditional marketing models such as the 7Ps model but, as will be seen, these are argued to be insufficient for luxury products and especially inaccessible luxury products and services. Hence I propose other marketing models which take into account the identity and position of luxury products in general and the hypothetic position of Valentino in the Indian market. This includes an exposition of ideas, tangibles or intangibles and a complete understanding where the luxury product is offering and the important role Valentino SpA plays in the status of luxury. The intent of this document is to promote Valentino as a classical example of luxury fashion rather than explain the fashion industry specific. 2. BACKGROUND For over forty years Valentino Garavani, known to all simply as Valentino, has been one of the most prominent names in fashion, creating some of the worlds most elegant eveningwear and classic designs. Since Valentino released his first line in 1959, Garavani Valentino has made a significant impact on the fashion industry. In the 60s Valentino open his first boutique in Paris, introduced his signature ‘Red Valentino and launched its now famous ‘V label. In 1970 he launched his first ready-to-wear line, with boutiques following in Rome and N.Y. In 1986 he won the highest decoration possible in Italy, the Calvaliere di Gran Croce. In 1991, Valentino celebrated his â€Å"Thirty years of fashion† accompanied by famous celebrities like Elizabeth Taylor. In 1998, Valentino and his business partner Giancarlo Giammeti sold their fashion empire for  £211 million. In summer of 2008 Valentino shown his last collection and celebrated his 45th anniversary. He is a true fashion icon of the 20th century and has helped shape the image of men and women of the 21st century. Currently Valentinos new creative directors are Maria Grazia Chiuri and Pier Paolo Piccioli. Valentino also is one of the most popular brands in the Valentino Fashion Group S.p.A (VFG). The VFG S.p.A plays a vital role in the world of fashion and luxury, with a rich and well-diversified portfolio of products which includes clothing, accessories, and footwear for men and women. In the world of fashion and luxury, few players have gained the international fame the VFG S.p.A has achieved. It offers an array of complementary brands characterized by a consolidated global presence, excellent brand awareness, and strong product recognition as: * Valentino, featuring the prestigious brands Valentino (Couture and ready-to-wear) which products rates are between 24.180 Rs. and 558.000 Rs. , Valentino Garavani (Bags, shoes and accessories) which products rates are between 9.920 Rs. and 347.200 Rs. , Valentino Roma (ready-to-wear) which products rates are between and Red Valentino (ready-to-wear) which products rates are between 6.076Rs and 40.920 Rs . * Licensed brands MCS Marlboro Classics and M Missoni, in addition to its own brands Lebole, Oxon, and Portrait. Until 23 December 2009 there was three business units, which even included Hugo Boss which was relinquished on that date and therefore no longer a part of the consolidated group. Moreover VFG S.p.A owns 45% of US brand Proenza Schouler . The VFG S.p.A operates in over 110 countries, with more than 1,600 single-brand boutiques and 433 directly-managed shops. The Groups consolidated revenue for the 2008 financial year is approximately 2.206,9 million. More than 13.081 employees work in directly controlled companies and branches spread across 28 countries. Over the years, VFG focus has changed. The group now approaches the industry with a fashion-driven focus. It is more interested in offering proposals charged with irresistible value and original designs unlike any other company in the industry to integrate an extensive variety of products and trademarks by converging consumer unique and satisfaction. VFG serves steadily focusing on demands of an unwaveringly evolving cosmopolite consumer. VFG pretends to be the fashion worlds protagonist in the fashion and luxury sectors ensuring the highest quality standards in all market segments its serve pursuing excellence and innovation. 3. PESTLE: ANALYSIS STANDS FOR VALENTINO. OLITICAL: With the end of quota regime on January 1 of 2005, the prospects for Indian fashion industry look upbeat. Terror acts may affect trade negatively. CONOMICAL: Due to the India economy growth, consumer confidence is high and people like to spend on luxury items. Higher increased of mortgages may affect consumers disposable incomes. India has among lowest labor costs in the world. OCIAL: Indian older women (35+) tend to wear more conservative than younger. Indian women may see Valentino as something to be worn on special occasion. Valentino will offer distinction and exclusivity. ECHNOLOGICAL: The growth who lives younger lifestyles presents a further opportunity to manufacturers technological. Growing popularity of social networking encourages companies advertise and sale on line. The strength of India fashion industry rests on strong raw material availability and on the large number of skilled human resources. NVIRONMENTAL: The EPA, considers many textile (polyester) manufacturing facilities to be hazardous waste generators. USDA considers cotton has a significant environment footprint because the use of pesticides. EGAL: Inspectors have found clothes manufactured from some countries (included India) which widespread health risks and fraud from luxury brands. Possible changes in the marketing strategies. Manufactured process and product quality law could affect. 4. SWOT ANALYSIS: VALENTINO STRATEGIC PLANING METHOD. TRENGTHS: VFG S.p.A. has strong luxury brand recognition worldwide. Celebrities endorse Valentino on the Red carpet events and weddings. Product price is competing with its competitors. Existing consumers target group. Products available on-line (www.store.valentino.com) EAKNESS: No strong/massive campaigns. Prices are higher than other brands present already in India. Prices follow the same rates worldwide. PPOTUNITIES: Introduce a limited edition line for clothing perfumes. Raise Brand awareness across the Indian consumer market. Get collaboration with celebrities for limited edition collections. Serve as a sponsor in prestigious events (Miss Universe). HREATS: Indian population is not so aware about Valentino. Competitors as Dior or Louis Vuitton are already positioned in India. Indian luxury fashion designers are getting international recognition. Global economic downturn. 5. ANSOFF S MATRIX: VALENTINO GROWTH STRATEGY. 6. MARKETING MIX PRODUCT: Valentino offers to consumers unique, original designs unlike any other company in the industry (because of the brand history) which includes luxury brands as Valentino Garavani (womens foot wear, bags, small fur items, accessories) and Red Valentino (luxury womens wear), in addition perfumes and eyewear. PRICE: Valentino Garavani: 9.920 Rs. 86.800 Rs. Red Valentino: 6.076 Rs. 40.920 Rs. Perfumes: 2.480 Rs. 5.490 Rs. Eyewear: 11.780 Rs. 18.290 Rs. Valentino is target to exclusive women; prices are high but are value for quality, luxury, and exclusivity. PLACE: Valentino as a luxury fashion brand must be located in Indias luxury shopping destination DLF Emporio Mall in Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. PROMOTION: Valentino must be placed its ads in renamed fashion magazines like Vogue. In coordination with Valentinos press director organize fashion shows and events to create awareness. PROCESS: Valentino is focus on the demands of an unwaveringly evolving cosmopolite consumer hence Valentino should come up with customer service centre, Valentino Boutique, Valentino VIP list. All these facts made with excellence and innovation will develop a loyal relation between the customer and the brand. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: Having Valentino Boutique at the strategic location and associating itself with Bollywood actors and movies and sponsoring high class events will insurance the top publicity possible. PEOPLE: From assistants to directors constitute the image of the brand. Hence establish an on-going dialogue between passion, experience, and knowledge will be a must to develop loyal relations. 7. PORTERS 5 FORCES: VALENTINO INDUSTRY ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS STRATEGY. 8. CONCLUSION This Marketing Audit is about how Valentino as brand has the potential to lead the luxury industry in India. The analytical tools used in this document have been developed to ensure that Valentino stays ‘in front of the pack in case that it has to battle with the areas of mass and intermediate luxury. This document is hoped that the reader will now have a clearer picture of what Valentino and luxury is and how difficult and important it is to manage a luxury enterprise and its brand.

dyslexia Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cau yon reab mwat I aw mriting? If yon caunot reab it waybe is is decanse this is hom a persou with byslexia wight reab somethiug. A person with dyslexia has a very difficult lifestyle to live. To understand dyslexia you must be aware of the causes, effects strategies, and teaching methods for coping with the disease. â€Å"Dyslexia means having difficulty with words in reading, spelling and writing – in spite of having normal intelligence and ability† (Make the Connection).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scientists have been interested in dyslexia for a long time. For instance a scientist by the name of A. Kussmaul started researching this disorder in 1881. He came up with a theory of a certain inability as â€Å"word blindness† (history of dyslexia). The word dyslexia was first mentioned in 1887 by a professor by the name of R. Berlin. Scientists to this day are still unsure on what causes dyslexia, although they have a good idea of some of the factors that could have something to do with dyslexia. The only sure thing scientists do know about dyslexia is that there is no cure. Some causes of dyslexia are thought to be genetic factors, emotional problems, and defects of the nervous system. Even though these are thought to play a role in dyslexia, many experts are not convinced that these factors are causes of dyslexia (Make the connection). Dyslexia can occur at any level of intellectual ability. It is not the result of poor motivation, emotional disturbanc e, sensory impairment or lack of opportunities, but it may occur alongside any of these (Information on Dyslexia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identifying a child with dyslexia often takes a lot of time and tests. Many cases can often not be identified until the child is ten years of age. The reason for this is because a ten year old with dyslexia would only be able to read a few words or maybe a small sentence. Some studies have shown that monitoring responses of infant sounds could determine whether or not a person is going to develop dyslexia or not. Researchers have precisely picked 92% of dyslexics out of 186 children who were monitored 36 hours after their birth. After these conclusions were made, every two years until the child reached the age of eight, the children underwent a series of IQ and comprehension tests. This method, however, is not completely accurate. Five out of... ...ings, dyslexics are very bright. Many very intelligent and successful people suffered from dyslexia to some degree such as Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison (Famous People with the Gift of Dyslexia). Dyslexics just take a different approach to learning than others. With proper detection and treatment of dyslexia it is possible to overcome with help from proven methods of treatment. Work Cited Make the Connection, http://www.dyslexiaa2z.com/ October 26, 2004 Certificate in Teaching of Children with Dyslexia, http://www.dyslexia-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  teacher.com/index.htm Nov. 1, 2004 Facts on Dyslexia, http://www.alphabetmats.com/facts.html November 8, 2004 Famous People with the Gift of Dyslexia, http://www.dyslexia.com/qafame.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  November 8, 2004 History of Dyslexia, http://www.clubi.ie/dyslexia/history.html October 27, 2004 Information on Dyslexia, http://www.dyslexia-inst.org.uk/ October 27, 2004 SIRS Publishing, Inc., SIRS Researcher. 4 Nov. 2000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dyslexia, Behavioral Problems: A Fatty Acid Link? Treating Dyslexia in Children, http://www.familiesonline.co.uk/article/static/67 October 27, 2004

The Traits of Heathclif in Wuthering Heights Essay -- essays research

In Emily Brontà «'s book, Wuthering Heights, we, the reader, are introduced to a group of interesting characters. The antiheroic main character, Heathcliff, is a complex character with many distinguishing traits. Heathcliff acts upon his feelings and creates quite a reputation for himself. Heathcliff is full of vengeance, nonetheless, he is very loving. Heathcliff's vengeance is shown and proven throughout the book. Even as a child Heathcliff would say things such as, "I'm trying to settle how I shall pay-back. I don't care how long I wait, if I can only do it, at last. I hope he will not die before I do?No, God won?t have the satisfaction that I shall?I only wish I knew the best way! Let me alone, and I?ll plan it out: while I?m thinking?? (Brontà « 55-56) This, as we, the reader, later see come to pass. After being rejected by the love of his life, Catherine, Heathcliff has no choice but to find another partner. Heathcliff is not mad at Catherine for marrying someone else, but instead her motive why. Catherine tells Nelly Dean, the housekeeper, that it would be disgraceful to herself if she was to marry Heathcliff. Catherine says it would be shameful because Heathcliff is more poverty-stricken and deprived of many this she wants. (Brontà « 75) Heathcliff runs away after hearing this, only to return months later more gentlema n-like. Catherine?s sister-in-law, Isabella, falls in love with Heathcliff after his return and Heathcliff realizes this. Heathcliff is an opportunist, so he marries Isabella intentionally, knowing Catherine would become jealous. This is the one of the first greatest example of revenge. A second example of how Heathcliff sought revenge on others, has to do with his stepbrother, Hindley. Heathcliff wan... ...ion of tears. ?Come in! Come in!? he sobbed. ?Cathy, do come in. Oh,-- once more! Oh! my heart?s darling, hear me this time-- Catherine, at last.?? (Brontà « 25) Although, Heathcliff has a son, was married, and twenty years have passed after her death Heathcliff is still passionate about his love for Catherine. This shows that Heathcliff is truly loving because even after twenty years, he is still true to Catherine and still wants a chance to show her his sincere love for her. Even though Heathcliff has his negative sides which got the best of him very often, he was also very devoted and caring. The different aspects of Heathcliff make his a truly unique, complex, and interesting character. Heathcliff?s contradictory traits make him an individual who?s is worth the time to look at. Both sides of Heathcliff are shown throughout the book, and make him who he is.

Recreating the Norm in Single-sex Sports :: Sports Essays

Recreating the 'Norm' in Single-sex Sports When investigating the costs and benefits of an individual competing in a sport considered non-traditional for their gender, we must first answer the question of what makes the single-sex status of these sports so important. We know that much controversy often surrounds the assimilation of a certain gender into a sport not traditionally considered their own, but we might forget to ask why this is the case to begin with. First, it is important to acknowledge that the answer to this question will most likely vary a bit between genders. For men, I believe much of the drive to keep certain sports single-sex, stems from a dominance/power struggle. Most of the "male" sports mentioned focus mainly on pure strength, and in the case of boxing, agility. The idea that a woman can excel, or even surpass her male counterpart, in a sport relying so heavily on muscular prowess, seems to me like an issue that could be fundamentally threatening. When I mention power struggle, it's mostly in reference to a struggle for dominance, but I believe that many of the men who look down upon women who enter sports primarily relying on physical strength, may feel threatened in both respects. On the opposite end of the spectrum, much of what might drive them away from traditionally female sports, is the fact these sports are often considered too 'feminine' to justify male participation. It's almost as though the 'masculine' ele ment of a sport implies some sort of inherent difficulty, while a sport deemed 'feminine' is not necessarily thought to be quite as challenging. As for females participating in more male dominated sports, it seems as though they run into similar issues. Most women shy away form participation in male dominated sports in fear of coming across as too masculine. This also plays into the power dynamics that have defined men and women's roles for far too long. Women are either afraid to, or no longer even consider the idea of, pushing back against their stereotypically defined roles. There are obviously many men and women who have challenged these roles over time, and who continue to push these somewhat intangible boundaries. I believe the benefits of abandoning the gender roles in sports strongly outweigh the costs. The biggest benefit seems to me to be, quite simply, the opportunity for both males and females to feel comfortable participating in whichever sports they may feel drawn to.